I had similar problem in my laptop, the telemetry consumes all disk IOs after I install anything new or updates. Making it unusable for a few hours.
Here how I solved:
Make sure the telemetry is not running (you can stop it from the task manager)
Open your %windir%\system32\
Find the trouble maker CompatTelRunner.exe
Gain ownership on the file (Properties -> security tab -> advanced -> owner change, set yourself as owner)
Add permission to modify for the users (select "users" -> edit -> basic permissions-> check modify -> ok)
Click ok again
Rename the CompatTelRunner.exe to CompatTelRunner.exe.bak for example
The telemetry will not run any more. until you restore the windows or a major windows update.
PS:This solution might generate some error log entries.Because windows will still trying to run it.