The C:\$Mft entity is not a real file, it is an internal NTFS structure called Master File Table which stores information about physical position of all of your files on that volume (it is just a coincidence that the error is displayed by an Adobe software). You can check a volume (and fix any errors encountered) by opening the command shell (Start > Run... or Win+R shortcut), typing in chkdsk c: /f /r and rebooting (as described in this Microsoft KB article).
Also I must note that if you have encountered an error like this you hard drive is probably failed or is about to fail, so backup all important data! Even if it is a software fault, it can corrupt your data as well.