To answer the question:
The shutdown
command is what your computer runs when you press the power button (if you have shutdown assigned it), or by shutting down through the start menu. The command is provided by Microsoft, and therefore shouldn't cause a BSOD, especially in your case where the BSOD is happening at startup.
Using the /f
and/or /t 0
options wouldn't cause hardware problems either, it would only cause applications problems if that (applications not shutting down properly, unsaved work, etc).
In your case:
You would have to post the contents of your crash dump in order for anyone to determine what is actually causing the BSOD. Many times it's related to peripherals/drivers, but it could be anything.
As suggested in comments, you could see if anything is in the Event Log, but since your BSOD is happening before Windows has booted, there's a lower chance you'll find what's actually causing it. The crash dump will be a much more reliable source.